[ESMO2016]靶向BRAF突变,达拉菲尼在儿童脑胶质瘤中首见疗效

发布时间:2016-10-15 浏览次数:1060次 来源: 作者:

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2016 ESMO大会上,对于儿童复发或难治性低级别脑胶质瘤患者,首个针对BRAF V600E突变的靶向治疗研究显示,达拉菲尼单药缓解率高,为以后缓解率更高的低毒联合治疗奠定了基础。


主要研究者,来自美国Dana-Farber波士顿儿童医院的儿科神经肿瘤专家Mark Kieran博士说:“儿童低级别脑胶质瘤的治愈可能性很大。事实上,许多儿童不会终身遭受这类肿瘤的折磨,但是可能会出现认知损害及放疗引发的第二恶性肿瘤。开发靶向特定致病突变,且能够规避长期毒性的药物,可能会彻底改变儿童脑肿瘤的治疗现状。”

 

在儿童低级别胶质瘤中,BRAF V600突变率达到10%。本次ESMO大会上研究人员公布了达拉菲尼(Dabrafenib)—一种选择性突变蛋白抑制剂的Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验结果。该研究纳入了32例年龄介于0~16岁的BRAF V600突变型低级别脑胶质瘤患者,其中15例参与了Ⅰ期试验,17例参与了Ⅱ期试验。

 

Ⅰ期研究的主要目的是确定Ⅱ期试验中药物的推荐剂量,在此过程中并未发现任何明显的剂量限制性毒性。因此,根据达拉菲尼的药代动力学活性,推荐Ⅱ期试验中年龄≥12岁患者使用剂量为4.5 mg/kg/天,<12岁患者为5.25 mg/kg/天。

 

Ⅱ期研究主要评估达拉菲尼的毒性及其是否能阻止肿瘤生长或引起肿瘤退缩。Kieran博士表示:“不同于其他需要完全切除的肿瘤,儿童低级别脑胶质瘤独特之处在于患者可以一生带瘤生存。”

 

在32例患者中,23例对药物有反应,客观反应率达到72%。其中两例患者肿瘤消失,11例患者肿瘤退缩超过50%,这13例患者中有8例仍在接受治疗。有13例患者病情稳定,缓解期至少≥6个月,其中11例仍在接受治疗。

 

在成年BRAF V600E阳性肿瘤患者中开展的达拉非尼初期试验表明,大多数黑色素瘤患者出现不良事件,而鳞癌患者则没有。在本研究中有1例出现过敏反应,儿童患者出现的轻微副作用与成年人相似,包括一过性发热、胃部不适。疲劳和皮疹。

 

在BRAF V600E突变型成年患者中,有研究表明BRAF抑制剂联用MEK抑制剂可使毒性减轻,并能在更长的时间内增加药物活性。而达拉菲尼在儿童中的试验为Ⅰ/Ⅱ期联合MEK抑制剂的研究提供了助力,以确定剂量和毒性。目前,两种药物联合的临床试验正在进行中。

 

“我们想通过达拉菲尼与MEK抑制剂的联合使用,获得更高的缓解率。一般情况下双药联合将使毒性也加倍,但是BRAF药物的大部分毒性会与MEK药物产生拮抗,所以联合用药的毒性应该小于这两种药物中的任意一种。” Kieran博士说道。

 

Kieran在总结中表示:“达拉菲尼可使肿瘤缩小或停止生长这一发现令人兴奋,同时也将研究方向引导向与MEK抑制剂联合使用。这种联合治疗手段可能会彻底改变儿童BRAF突变型低级别胶质瘤的治疗。但是,需要说明的是,这项靶向治疗相对较新,我们需要确保它不会对儿童产生任何的长期不良影响。”

瑞士苏黎世大学医院神经科Michael Weller教授在评论该研究时表示:“这项研究中令人振奋之处在于靶向治疗看来是有效的。神经肿瘤领域,我们对几乎所有成人和儿童胶质瘤分子层面的知识了解甚多,但是并不能真正的将这些知识转化为有效的治疗。”

 

他继续说道:“我们几乎没有掌握儿童脑肿瘤,至少是脑胶质瘤的随机数据,因为这些肿瘤很罕见,并且由于伦理因素,临床试验很难开展。我们需要更长的随访来确定治疗缓解的持续时间以及患者是否获得了长期生存。对于儿童来说,我们也需要了解这种治疗方案是否会产生长期毒性。”


信源:High response rate in phase I/II paediatric brain cancer trial sets stage for combination therapy with higher response and lower toxicity. ESMO 2016 Press Release.


摘要原文

Abstract:LBA19

Title:The first study of dabrafenib in pediatric patients with BRAF V600–mutant relapsed or refractory low-grade gliomas


Background: BRAF V600 mutations are present in 15%-20% patients (pts) with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG). Relative to pts with BRAF V600–wild type pLGG, pts with BRAF V600E–mutant pLGG had poor survival and lower objective response rates (ORR) to initial (29%) and 2nd-line (11%) chemotherapy (Lassaletta A, ASCO 2016). There remains a need for improved treatment options for this pLGG subgroup. Dabrafenib is a potent and selective inhibitor of the V600–mutant form of the BRAF kinase. We report the results of the first study of dabrafenib in pediatric pts with BRAF V600–mutant recurrent or progressive LGG.


Methods: Thirty-two pts aged 2-17 y with BRAF V600–mutant relapsed or refractory LGG were enrolled Dec 2013 to Jul 2015 across 4 dose levels of dabrafenib monotherapy up to and including the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D; 4.5 mg/kg/day in pts ≥ 12 y, 5.25 mg/kg/day in pts < 12 y, divided into 2 equal doses per day [Kieran MW, ASCO 2015]). The results presented are from all 32 pts with pLGG (15 pts enrolled into the dose-finding and 17 pts treated after determination of the RP2D). Overall, 24 pts were treated at the RP2D.


Results: Twenty-two of the 32 pts remained on study as of April 2016. Adverse events were generally similar to those observed in adults, with frequent low-grade pyrexia, vomiting, fatigue, headache and rash. There have been no reports of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 AE was pneumonia, in 3 pts. 1 pt experienced a significant allergic reaction on day 2 of dosing and again upon rechallenge and was discontinued from study. Independent confirmed overall response by RANO criteria was 2 CRs and 11 PRs in this 2nd-line setting (N=32, ORR 41% [95% CI, 24%-59%]), with a median duration of response of 11 months (8 responders ongoing). There were an additional 13 pts (41%) with SD of 6 months or greater duration (11 ongoing). Investigator confirmed overall response was 1 CR and 22 PRs (ORR 72% [95% CI, 53%-86%]).


Conclusions: Targeted therapy using dabrafenib showed promising activity, with an independently confirmed ORR of 41%, and was well tolerated in this population with recurrent or progressive BRAF V600–mutant pLGG, comparing favorably to historical data.